NU606 2020 May Week 7 Quiz Latest (100% Graded)

Week 7 Quiz

Question 1A dissecting aortic aneurysm develops as

 a.a dilation or bulge that develops at one point on the aortic wall

 b.a thrombus that accumulates at a point in the aortic wall

 c.a section of the aorta that weakens and dilates in all directions

 d.a tear in the intimal lining, which allows blood flow between layers of the aortic wall

Question 2A modifiable factor that increases the risk for atherosclerosis is

 a.leading a sedentary lifestyle

 b.being female and older than 40 years of age

 c.excluding saturated fats from the diet

 d.familial hypercholesterolemia

Question 3An incompetent mitral valve would cause

 a.increased blood to remain in the right atrium

 b.hypertrophy of the right ventricle

 c.decreased output from the left ventricle

 d.decreased pressure in the left atrium

Question 4Approximately what percentage of bound oxygen is released to the cells for metabolism during an erythrocyte’s journey through the circulatory system?

 a.80%

 b.25%

 c.10%

 d.50%

Question 5Atherosclerosis in the iliac or femoral arteries is likely to cause which of the following?

1.            Gangrenous ulcers in the legs

2.            Strong rapid pulses in the legs

3.            Intermittent claudication

4.            4. Red, swollen legs

 a.1, 2

 b.1, 3

 c.2, 3

 d.2, 4

Question 6Carbon dioxide is primarily transported in the blood

 a.as dissolved gas

 b.attached to the iron molecule in hemoglobin

 c.as bicarbonate ion

 d.as carbonic acid

Question 7Cigarette smoking is a risk factor in coronary artery disease because smoking

 a.reduces vasoconstriction and peripheral resistance

 b.decreases serum lipid levels

 c.promotes platelet adhesion

 d.increases serum HDL levels

Question 8Cystic fibrosis is transmitted as a/an

 a.X-linked recessive gene

 b.autosomal recessive gene

 c.autosomal dominant gene

 d.chromosomal defect

Question 9Heart block, in which a conduction delay at the AV node results in intermittent missed ventricular contractions, is called

 a.first-degree block

 b.second-degree block

 c.bundle-branch block

 d.total heart block

Question 10Improved function of the heart and brain during a stress response results from

1.            glycogenesis.

2.            bronchodilation.

3.            vasoconstriction in the skin and viscera.

4.            decreased metabolic rate.

 a.1, 2

 b.2, 3

 c.2, 4

 d.3, 4

Question 11In an infant, the initial indication of congestive heart failure is often

 a.distended neck veins

 b.feeding problems

 c.low-grade fever and lethargy

 d.frequent vomiting

Question 12Infant respiratory distress syndrome results from

 a.insufficient surfactant production

 b.incomplete expiration shortly after birth

 c.retention of fluid in the lungs after birth

 d.immature neural control of respirations

Question 13Neurogenic (vasogenic) shock results from systemic vasodilation due to

 a.increased peripheral resistance and less blood in the microcirculation

 b.increased permeability of all the blood vessels, leading to hypovolemia

 c.slower, less forceful cardiac contractions

 d.increased capacity of the vascular system and reduced venous return

Question 14Phlebothrombosis is more likely to cause pulmonary emboli than is thrombophlebitis because

 a.platelets attach to the inflamed wall

 b.thrombus forms in a vein and is less firmly attached

 c.leg cramps require massage

 d.systemic signs of inflammation require treatment

Question 15Primary atypical pneumonia (PAP) is caused by

 a.Klebsiella oxytoca

 b.Candida albicans

 c.Mycoplasma pneumoniae

 d.Streptococcus pneumoniae

Question 16Restrictive lung disorders may be divided into two groups based on

 a.patient history of obesity and exposure to other COPD

 b.smoking history and congenital defects

 c.previous lung disease and cardiovascular disorders

 d.anatomical abnormality and lung disease damage, impairing expansion

Question 17SARS typically begins as a flulike syndrome followed, after a few days, by

 a.increased exudates in the bronchial tree and pleural cavity

 b.productive cough and lobar consolidation

 c.interstitial lung congestion, dyspnea, and dry cough

 d.hemoptysis and necrosis of mucous membrane

Question 18Selye defined three stages in the stress response. The third stage is designated as the

 a.alarm stage

 b.resistance stage

 c.stage of exhaustion

 d.maladaptive stage

Question 19Septic shock differs from hypovolemic shock in that it is frequently manifested by

 a.fever and flushed face

 b.elevated blood pressure

c.increased urinary output

 d.slow bounding pulse

Question 20Shock follows a myocardial infarction when

 a.the stress response causes general vasodilation

 b.fluid is lost into ischemic tissues

 c.heart valves are damaged

 d.a large portion of the myocardium is damaged

Question 21The basic pathophysiology of cystic fibrosis is centered on a/an

 a.defect of the exocrine glands

 b.impaired function of the endocrine glands

 c.chronic inflammatory condition of the lungs

 d.abnormal immune response in the lungs and other organs

Question 22Question textThe classic early manifestation(s) of left-sided congestive heart failure is/are ____, whereas the early indicator(s) of right-sided failure is/are _______.

 a.palpitations and periodic chest pain; shortness of breath on exertion

 b.swelling of the ankles and abdomen; chest pain

 c.shortness of breath on exertion or lying down; swelling of the ankles

 d.coughing up frothy sputum; hepatomegaly and splenomegaly

Question 23The function of the baroreceptors is to

 a.stimulate the parasympathetic or sympathetic nervous system at the sinoatrial (SA) node as needed

 b.adjust blood pressure by changing peripheral resistance

 c.sense a change in blood oxygen and carbon dioxide levels

 d.signal the cardiovascular control center of changes in systemic blood pressure

Question 24The maximum volume of air a person can exhale after a maximum inspiration is termed the

 a.expiratory reserve volume

 b.inspiratory reserve volume

 c.total lung capacity

 d.vital capacity

Question 25The most common factor predisposing to the development of varicose veins

 a.trauma

 b.congenital valve defect in the abdominal veins

 c.infection

 d.increased venous pressure

Question 26The right side of the heart would fail first in the case of

1.            severe mitral valve stenosis.

2.            uncontrolled essential hypertension.

3.            large infarction in the right ventricle.

4.            advanced chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)

 a.1, 2

 b.2, 3

 c.1, 4

 d.3, 4

Question 27The term premature ventricular contraction refers to the condition where

 a.atrial muscle cells are stimulating additional cardiac contractions

 b.the ventricles contract spontaneously following a period without a stimulus

 c.additional contractions arise from ectopic foci in the ventricular muscle

 d.increased heart rate causes palpitations

Question 28Uncontrolled hypertension is most likely to cause ischemia and loss of function in the

 a.kidneys, brain, and retinas of the eye

 b.peripheral arteries in the legs

 c.aorta and coronary arteries

 d.liver, spleen, and stomach

Question 29Virchow triad refers to

 a.an anatomical structure in the kidneys

 b.a combination of factors affecting potential thrombus formation

 c.psychological factors leading to stress associated with immobility

 d.factors that predispose an individual toward urinary tract infections

Question 30What are typical pathological changes with bronchiectasis?

 a.Bronchospasm and increased mucous secretion

 b.Adhesions and fibrosis in the pleural membranes

 c.Airway obstructions and weak, dilated bronchial walls

 d.Fixation of the ribs in the inspiratory position

Question 31What does carbaminohemoglobin refer to?

 a.Replacement of oxygen by carbon monoxide on hemoglobin molecules

 b.Full saturation of all heme molecules by oxygen

 c.Carbon dioxide attached to an amino group on the hemoglobin molecule

 d.Oxygen combined with iron in the hemoglobin molecule

Question 32What does the term hemoptysis refer to?

 a.Thick, dark red sputum associated with pneumococcal infection

 b.Reddish-brown granular blood found in vomitus

 c.Bright red streaks of blood in frothy sputum

 d.Bloody exudate in the pleural cavity

Question 33What is a large-sized pulmonary embolus likely to cause?

 a.Hypertension and left-sided heart failure

 b.Atelectasis and respiratory failure

 c.Hypotension and right-sided heart failure

 d.Pleural effusion and atelectasis

Question 34What is the most common cause of viral pneumonia?

 a.Rhinovirus

 b.Influenza virus

 c.Haemophilus influenza

 d.Pneumococcus

Question 35What would indicate decompensated acidosis related to shock?

 a.Serum bicarbonate level below normal

 b.PCO2 above normal

 c.Serum pH below normal range

 d.Urine pH of 4.5

Question 36When stroke volume decreases, which of the following could maintain cardiac output?

 a.Decreased peripheral resistance

 b.Increased heart rate

c.Decreased venous return

 d.General vasodilation

Question 37Which factor predisposes to varicose veins during pregnancy?

 a.Compressed pelvic veins

 b.Stenotic valves in leg veins

 c.Thrombus formation

 d.Insufficient muscle support for veins

Question 38Which of the following applies to anthrax infection?

 a.It is caused by a virus that mutates frequently

 b.When inhaled, it causes flulike symptoms followed by acute respiratory distress

 c.There is a long incubation period, often months, following exposure

 d.It is a common infection in North America

Question 39Which of the following applies to the blood in the pulmonary artery?

 a.PCO2 is low

 b.PO2 is low

 c.Hydrostatic pressure is very high

 d.It is flowing into the left atrium

Question 40Which of the following are significant signs of bronchiectasis?

 a.Persistent nonproductive cough, dyspnea, and fatigue

 b.Persistent purulent nasal discharge, fever, and cough

 c.Chronic cough, producing large quantities of purulent sputum

 d.Wheezing and stridor

Question 41Which of the following drugs in an inhaler would likely be carried by individuals to provide immediate control of acute asthma attacks?

 a.A glucocorticoid

 b.Epinephrine

 c.Cromolyn

 d.A β2-adrenergic agent

Question 42Which of the following is a common source of a pulmonary embolus?

 a.Mural thrombus from the left ventricle

 b.Thrombus attached to atheromas in the aorta or iliac arteries

 c.Thrombus forming in the femoral veins

 d.A blood clot in the pulmonary vein

Question 43Which of the following is a significant early sign of bronchogenic carcinoma in a smoker?

 a.Frequent nonproductive cough

 b.Fever, dyspnea, generalized aching

 c.Production of large volumes of purulent sputum

 d.Hemoptysis and weight loss

Question 44Which of the following is likely to develop when a leg is immobilized in a cast?

 a.Contracture

 b.Muscle hypertrophy

 c.Muscle atrophy

 d.Increased osteoblastic activity

Question 45Which of the following is not a cause of pulmonary edema?

 a.Left-sided congestive heart failure

 b.Excessive blood volume (overload)

 c.Inhalation of toxic gases

 d.Hyperproteinemia and increasing osmotic pressure of the blood

Question 46Which of the following will not alter a person’s perception of a stressor?

 a.The presence of several stressors at the same time

 b.Past experiences

 c.Lack of effective coping mechanisms

 d.Certain medications such as antihypertensives and mood stabilizers

Question 47Which of the following statements describe the pathophysiology of adult respiratory distress syndrome?

1.            Damage leading to increased permeability of the alveolar capillary membranes

2.            Decreased surface tension in the alveoli

3.            Excessive fluid and protein interstitially and in the alveoli

4.            Multiple diffuse hemorrhages in the lungs

 a.1, 2

 b.1, 3

 c.2, 3

 d.3, 4

Question 48Why does the influenza virus cause recurrent infection in individuals?

 a.Elderly patients are predisposed to secondary infections

 b.The virus is transmitted by numerous routes

 c.The virus is very difficult to destroy

 d.Viral mutation reduces immunity from prior infections

Question 49With shock, anaerobic cell metabolism and decreased renal blood flow cause

 a.metabolic alkalosis

 b.metabolic acidosis

 c.decreased serum potassium

 d.increased serum bicarbonate