If memory is required over a short interval

If memory is required over a short interval, which type of practice is superior?

Question 1 options:

Spaced practice

Massed practice

Intermittent practice

Rehearsal practice

SaveQuestion 2 (1 point)

Where long-term retention is concerned, which type of practice is superior?

Question 2 options:

Spaced practice

Massed practice

Intermittent practice

Rehearsal practice

SaveQuestion 3 (1 point)

One theory explaining why the distributed-processing effect works states that the spacing between repetitions facilitates memory by increasing the likelihood that each occurrence of a repeated item is stored in a different way in memory. This is called

Question 3 options:

Study-Phase Retrieval Accounts

Deficient-Processing Accounts

Encoding-Variability Accounts

Multiprocess Accounts

SaveQuestion 4 (1 point)

Most mnemonic procedures utilize three memory processes. Which of the follow is NOT one of these?

Question 4 options:

Imaging

Symbolizing

Organizing

Associating

SaveQuestion 5 (1 point)

What types of mnemonics are designed to help remember rules, principles, and procedures?

Question 5 options:

Keyword mnemonics

Peg word mnemonics

Link mnemonics

Process mnemonics

SaveQuestion 6 (1 point)

When information comes into one sensory system (e.g., audition) and produces an effect in another sensory system (e.g., vision), this is called

Question 6 options:

Schizophrenia

The “S mnemonic”

Cross-modal transfer

Synesthesia

SaveQuestion 7 (1 point)

According to Ericsson and his colleagues, which of the following is NOT one of the three general principles for exceptional memory?

Question 7 options:

Source memory encoding

Meaningful encoding

Retrieval structure

Speedup

SaveQuestion 8 (1 point)

If a person cannot recall a word, but is able to retrieve some information about the word (e.g., the first letter, the number of syllables, etc.), this is called the _____ phenomenon.

Question 8 options:

Pseudo-amnesia

Tip-of-the-tongue

Edge-of-consciousness

Nearly-known

SaveQuestion 9 (1 point)

The paradigm wherein a person is asked to judge whether two visually presented stimuli (e.g., letters or three-dimensional shapes) are identical or mirror reflections of each other is called

Question 9 options:

Mental scanning

Mental rotation

Imagery effect

Picture superiority effect

SaveQuestion 10 (1 point)

The hypothesized existence of separate but interconnected verbal and imaginal systems is termed

Question 10 options:

Verbal-imagery hypothesis

Memory-retrieval hypothesis

Multiple-processing hypothesis

Dual-coding hypothesis

SaveQuestion 11 (1 point)

Pavio’s Dual Coding theory is consistent with which of the following theories?

Question 11 options:

Baddley and Hitch’s working memory theory

Skinner’s behavioral theory

Craik and Tulvings levels theory

Miller’s magic number theory

SaveQuestion 12 (1 point)

Sometimes people get lost when returning from a destination. The environment looks different coming and going. This can be explained by

Question 12 options:

Euclidean memory

Survey memory

Orientation dependence

Spatial reference systems

SaveQuestion 13 (1 point)

Spatial knowledge is stored in the brain

Question 13 options:

Hierarchically

Neuronally

Spatially

Intrinsically

SaveQuestion 14 (1 point)

Speakers of Western languages tend to preserve _____ spatial relationships when reproducing a pattern from the opposite side.

Question 14 options:

Egocentric

Environmental

Isotonic

Bilateral

SaveQuestion 15 (1 point)

Recent experiments have shown that _____ perform better than ____ on tasks that require memory of the locations and identities of objects

Question 15 options:

Males; females

Females; males

Dogs; cats

Cats; dogs

SaveQuestion 16 (1 point)

Recent experiments have shown that _____ perform better than _____ on tasks that require keeping track of orientation in large-scale environments.

Question 16 options:

Males; females

Females; males

Dogs; cats

Cats; dogs

SaveQuestion 17 (1 point)

When you walk into a classroom and see chairs, desks, and a computer at the front of the classroom, chances are you will go sit in a chair and face the front of the classroom while waiting for the class to start, even though you have never seen this particular classroom. The reason you do this is because you have a _____ of a classroom.

Question 17 options:

Category

Concept

Representation

Image

SaveQuestion 18 (1 point)

Categories are not as neat and obvious as they seem. Many items are thought to be either barely part of, or barely not part of, category. These borderline items illustrate the concept of

Question 18 options:

Psychological Categories

Almost-there Categories

Borderline Categories

Fuzzy Categories

SaveQuestion 19 (1 point)

A category prototype is a(n) _____ member of a category.

Question 19 options:

Borderline

Incidental

Typical

Atypical

SaveQuestion 20 (1 point)

The family resemblance theory would predict that which of the following would be called to mind most quickly when the category “bird” is primed?

Question 20 options:

Penguin

Ostrich

Ostrich

Robin

SaveQuestion 21 (1 point)

In terms of categorization, people generally have a preference for the _____ level when referring to an object.

Question 21 options:

Superordinate

Basic

Subordinate

Nominal

SaveQuestion 22 (1 point)

_____ categories are especially difficult for young children to fully acquire.

Question 22 options:

Superordinate

Basic

Subordinate

Nominal

SaveQuestion 23 (1 point)

Experts in a field often prefer using _____ categories.

Question 23 options:

Superordinate

Basic

Subordinate

Nominal

SaveQuestion 24 (1 point)

The theory that states that concepts are represented as a set of weighted features is the

Question 24 options:

Representativeness theory

Exemplar theory

Prototype theory

Weighted features theory

SaveQuestion 25 (1 point)

The theory that states that concepts are represented by many examples is the

Question 25 options:

Representativeness theory

Exemplar theory

Prototype theory

Weighted features theory

SaveQuestion 26 (1 point)

Psychological essentialism tends NOT to apply to which of the following

Question 26 options:

Animals

Artifacts

Minerals

Plants

SaveQuestion 27 (1 point)

Which of the following is an example of the birth of a new language, created by children?

Question 27 options:

Haitian Sign Language

Nicaraguan Sign Language

Columbian Sign Language

American Sign Language

SaveQuestion 28 (1 point)

When interlocutors share a set of knowledge, this is referred to as

Question 28 options:

Common ground

Typical features

General knowledge

Common knowledge

SaveQuestion 29 (1 point)

More than 90% of conversations occur in groups of ____ individuals or fewer.

Question 29 options:

6

5

4

3

SaveQuestion 30 (1 point)

In language, when one concept reminds us of another related concept, this is called

Question 30 options:

Priming

Associating

Relating

Connecting

SaveQuestion 31 (1 point)

When naturally occurring conversations are observed, about _____ % turns out to be gossip.

Question 31 options:

20

40

60

80

SaveQuestion 32 (1 point)

Stereotypes are part of the _____ people share.

Question 32 options:

Common ground

Typical features

General knowledge

Common knowledge

SaveQuestion 33 (1 point)

Lyubomirsky, Sousa, and Dickerhoof (2006) found that when people write and talk about negative past life events, their psychological well-being _____; when thinking about negative past events, their psychological well-being _____.

Question 33 options:

Increased; increased

Decreased; decreased

Increased; decreased

Decreased; increased

SaveQuestion 34 (1 point)

Language _____ thought.

Question 34 options:

Determines

Influences

Predicts

Belies

SaveQuestion 35 (1 point)

Cultures that often drop the pronoun in sentences tend to be more _____ in nature.

Question 35 options:

Pre-lingual

Indigenous

Individualistic

Collectivist

SaveQuestion 36 (1 point)

The ability to draw upon several sources of information and use all of these sources of information to analyze a concept is known as ______.

Question 36 options:

Working memory

Cognition

Executive function

Information processing

SaveQuestion 37 (1 point)

Many things influence our cognitive processes. For example, it has been found that a person’s _____ influences his/her assessment of his/her medical symptoms.

Question 37 options:

Location

Age

Mood

IQ

SaveQuestion 38 (1 point)

The way that information is acquired, stored, and analyzed depends on the content of that information. This is referred to as

Question 38 options:

Domain specificity

Content specificity

Spatial specificity

Local specificity

SaveQuestion 39 (1 point)

People with damage to the ______ cortex often show impaired judgment in the form of terrible decisions (e.g., bad financial decisions).

Question 39 options:

Temporal

Occipital

Prefrontal

Parietal

SaveQuestion 40 (1 point)

Most IQ tests include a number of different items designed to test distinct intellectual abilities. Which of the following is not likely to be on an IQ test?

Question 40 options:

Items testing verbal ability

Items testing visual ability

Items testing auditory abilities

Items testing working memory

SaveQuestion 41 (1 point)

IQ tests are a good predictor of

Question 41 options:

Work performance

Military performance

School performance

Conversational ability

SaveQuestion 42 (1 point)

Which of the following is NOT an aspect of Sternberg’s “triarchic” theory of intelligence?

Question 42 options:

IQ

Analytic

Creative

Practical

SaveQuestion 43 (1 point)

Gardner’s theory of multiple intelligences proposes that there are at least _____ separate abilities.

Question 43 options:

8

6

4

2

SaveQuestion 44 (1 point)

Intelligence is largely determined by ______.

Question 44 options:

Environment

Genetic makeup

Both environment and genetic makeup

Unknown factors

SaveQuestion 45 (1 point)

Human beings try to make rational decisions, but our cognitive limitations prevent us from being fully rational. This is called

Question 45 options:

Constraints on rationality

Irrationality

Limited rationality

Bounded rationality

SaveQuestion 46 (1 point)

Biases wherein we rely on rules of thumb to make decisions are called

Question 46 options:

Alternative decisions

Heuristics

Biased Decisions

Flawed reasoning processes

SaveQuestion 47 (1 point)

We are influenced by the way a question is worded. This is called

Question 47 options:

Anchoring

Availability

Representativeness

Framing

SaveQuestion 48 (1 point)

Stanovich and West believe that the way we can fix our biases is to use _____ when making big decisions.

Question 48 options:

System 1

System 2

System 3

System 4

SaveQuestion 49 (1 point)

Young babies actively choose to attend more to some things and less to others. For example, one-month-old babies have a preference for looking at

Question 49 options:

Women’s faces

Their mother’s face

A breast

Scenery (e.g., mountains)

SaveQuestion 50 (1 point)

When cognitive growth in childhood involves qualitative changes, we say that development is

Question 50 options:

Continuous

Discontinuous

Orderly

Progressive

SaveQuestion 51 (1 point)

When cognitive growth in childhood involves quantitative changes, we say that development is

Question 51 options:

Continuous

Discontinuous

Orderly

Progressive

SaveQuestion 52 (1 point)

Piaget’s theory was one of _____ change.

Question 52 options:

Continuous

Discontinuous

Orderly

Progressive

SaveQuestion 53 (1 point)

Piaget contended that children _____ months of age and under would not reach for an object that has been taken away and hidden, because the child does not remember that the object continues to exist.

Question 53 options:

11

9

7

5

SaveQuestion 54 (1 point)

Children only focus on one dimension of an object (such as only its height, disregarding its width) when they are in the

Question 54 options:

Formal operations stage

Concrete operations stage

Preoperational stage

Sensorimotor stage

SaveQuestion 55 (1 point)

What is the most probable explanation of the fact that children from low-income backgrounds lag far behind children from more affluent backgrounds in mathematical knowledge before kindergarten?

Question 55 options:

Genetic differences

Lack of nutrition

Lack of exposure to numerical games

Lack of interest in numbers

SaveQuestion 56 (1 point)

The theories of aging that highlight the effects of social expectations and the normative timing of life events and social roles is called

Question 56 options:

Inter-individual theories

Longitudinal theories

Life span theories

Life course theories

SaveQuestion 57 (1 point)

As people age, their _____ fares better than their _____.

Question 57 options:

Working memory; processing speed

Processing speed; working memory

Recall memory; recognition memory

Recognition memory; recall memory

SaveQuestion 58 (1 point)

Older workers tend to develop more efficient strategies and rely on _____ to compensate for cognitive decline.

Question 58 options:

Expertise

Friends and relatives

Technology

Working memory

SaveQuestion 59 (1 point)

An individual’s perception and evaluation of his/her own aging and identification with an age group is called

Question 59 options:

Subjective aging

Age identity

Objective aging

Perceived aging

SaveQuestion 60 (1 point)

The idea that the social connections that people accumulate are held together by exchanges in social support (e.g., tangible and emotional) is called the

Question 60 options:

Socioemotional Selectivity Theory

Convoy Model of Social Relations

Social Exchange Theory

Meaningful Connections Theory

SaveQuestion 61 (1 point)

Research suggests that global well-being is highest in _____ and _____ adulthood.

Question 61 options:

Adolescence; Early

Early; middle

Middle; late

Early; late

SaveQuestion 62 (1 point)

Evidence from twin studies suggests that genes account for about ____% of the variance in human life spans.

Question 62 options:

25

50

75

90

SaveQuestion 63 (1 point)

This class has been

Question 63 options:

fun!

interesting!

informative!

all of the above!