HISTORY 120 Midterm - Isabella of Castile, a strong advocate

Summer 2017 Midterm study questions

True or False Questions: These are from chapters 1 through 6 in the Nash textbook.

Some will be eliminated.

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1. Isabella of Castile, a strong advocate of freedom of religion, opposed the Reconquista.

2. By the time of Columbus’ first voyage in 1492, the Aztecs controlled most of central Mexico, an estimated population of 10 to 20 million.

3. Aztecs were born into one of three classes: nobility, free commoners and serfs.

4. The city of Cahokia stood near present day San Diego.

5. Five tribes composed what Europeans later called the league of the Iroquois: the Mohawk, Oneida, Cayuga, Onondaga, and Seneca.

6. The Hohokan and Anasazi societies developed sedentary village life thousands of years before the Spanish arrived in the 1540’s.

7. By the sixth century, Egypt was primarily Muslim.

8. Africans first experienced slavery during the fourteenth century.

9. The Magna Carta curbed the consolidation of power by the king of France.

10. The Black Death of the fourteenth century killed between forty and fifty million Europeans.

11. Prince Henry the Navigator began dispatching Portuguese mariners to probe the Atlantic in the 1420’s.

12. The voyages of Christopher Columbus took place between 1492 and 1514.

13. In 1463, Marco Polo became the first European to sail around the cape of Africa.

14. Martin Luther became the first to break successfully with Rome, initiating the Protestant Reformation.

15. John Calvin was one of the most successful opponents of the Reformation.

16. Catholicism swept across the Atlantic virtually unchallenged in the colonies of Spain and Portugal.

17. Hernan Cortes started his conquest of Mexico in 1519 with 31 ships and 31,500 Spanish soldiers.

18. Cortes was aided by a Nahuatl woman named Malinche who became his interpreter.

19. The Europeans were tolerant of polytheism.

20. The Treaty of Tordesillas gave England the eastern side of the treaty line.

21. Hispaniola, with a population of about 1 million when Columbus arrived had only a few thousand survivors by 1530.

22. Because of the Columbian exchange, turkeys and guinea pigs came to the Americas.

23. By 1660, the Spanish had scooped up more than 15 million pounds of silver from the Americas, doubling the entire European supply.

24. St. Augustine became the center of Spain’s northeastern frontier.

25. The Roanoke colony was France’s first permanent settlement.

26. North America remained a fringe area for slave traders until the early eighteenth century.

27. More than anything else, sugar transformed the African slave trade.

28. At first, England’s interest in the far side of the Atlantic centered primarily on fish.

29. Without African labor, the overseas colonies would never have flourished as they did.

30. The Dutch became the first European slave traders.

31. One of every three slaves died en route to the Western hemisphere.

32. Of the 900 settlers who arrived in Jamestown between 1607 and 1609 only 60 survived.

33. Only 1 in 20 indentured servants realized the dream of freedom and land.

34. The Powhatan attack on Jamestown in 1622 wiped out more than one-quarter of the white population.

35. Governor Bacon executed Nathanial Berkeley after his rebellion collapsed in 1676.

36. The first Africans in the American colonies probably came as bound servants.

37. Jonathan Edwards founded the colony of .

38. Roger Williams was an early advocate of separation of church and state.

39. In New England, in 166, visiting English fisherman triggered a ferocious outbreak of respiratory viruses and smallpox that wiped out three-quarters of some 125,000 Native Americans.

40. During King Phillip’s (Metacomet’s) War in 1646, more than and half million Indians and colonists were killed.

41. Samuel de Champlain established New Netherlands in 1608.

42. William Penn founded Connecticut in 1675.

43. During the Salem witch trials over 40 people were burned at the stake.

44. Benjamin Franklin was the first born child of a wealth Massachusetts merchant.

45. The plantation system of the lower south rested on rice and indigo.

46. John Winthrop started the Virginia cotton boom.

47. Quaker industriousness and frugality helped produce great material success.

48. More than three million slaves came to the British North American colonies between 1600 and 1650.

49. By the beginning of the eighteenth century, more than 40% of New York City’s households owned slaves.

50. American women generally married a few years earlier than their English counterparts.

51. Spanish male colonizers greatly outnumbered Spanish women, which resulted in a degree of racial intermixture similar to that of New France.

52. The American colonial economy never integrated into an Atlantic trading system that connected settlers to Great Britain, Western Europe,

Africa, the West Indies, and Newfoundland.

53. From the beginning of colonization, the English assumed that overseas settlements existed to promote the national interest.

54. By the 1660s, New England Congregational clergy had adopted the Half-Way Covenant in order to combat religious indifference.

55. The father-dominated family of New England gradually declined in the eighteenth century, replaced by the mother centered family.

56. The slave rebellion at Stono, Southern Carolina took place in 1739.

57. Early eighteenth –century British America remained an overwhelmingly Protestant culture.

58. By the early eighteenth century, two-thirds of the colonists went to no church at all.

59. George Whitefield tried to spread Catholicism in the British North American colonies.

60. William Pitt played an important role in the British victory in the French and Indian War.

61. Although cities contained only about 5% of the English colonies population, they were the core of revolutionary agitation.

62. Thomas Paine, in his pamphlet, Common Sense, encouraged the colonies to stay loyal to the British crown.

63. The French and Indian War started when the English tried to drive the French out of New Mexico.

64. By 1750, the French colonists outnumbered British colonists in North America.

65. The Proclamation of 1763 reserved all land west of the Appalachian Mountains for veterans of the Seven Years War.

66. The first fighting in the American Revolution took place in Lexington in 1775.

67. In the event that came to be known as the “Boston Tea Party”, 75 pounds of English tea were flung into the Boston harbor.

68. John Adams was the author of Common Sense.

Identification Questions: Write short paragraphs about the following topics, discussing who or what, when, and historical significance. Some will be eliminated.

Columbian Exchange

Henry VIII

Spanish Conquest of the Aztec Empire

John Smith

Pocahontas

John Winthrop

William Penn

New Netherlands

Atlantic slave trade

Bacon’s Rebellion

King Phillip’s (Metacomet’s) War

Salem witchcraft trials

Seven Years War

Coercive Acts (Intolerable Acts)

Boston Tea Party

Common Sense

Declaration of Independence