Coping strategies in different situations mean

Q1. Coping strategies in different situations mean that ____ is more desirable than ____.

a. flexibility; consistency

b. consistency; flexibility

c. stability; flexibility

d. stability; consistency

Q2. Albert Ellis believes that problematic emotional reactions to stress are caused by

a. unpleasant events.

b. catastrophic thinking.

c. excessively logical thinking.

d. the over-reliance on defense mechanisms.

Q3. The defense mechanism that involves suppressing unpleasant emotions or circumstances and refusing to acknowledge that they exist is referred to as

a. displacement.

b. reaction formation.

c. intellectualization.

d. denial.

Q4. Diversion of anger toward a substitute target was noted by Sigmund Freud, who called it

a. displacement.

b. projection.

c. rationalization.

d. reaction formation.

Q5. Which of the following is an example of positive reinterpretation?

a. cutting your losses

b. learning the hard way

c. comparing yourself to those who are better off

d. looking for something good in a bad experience

Q6. Systematic problem solving involves

a. generating alternative courses of action.

b. listing only plausible resolutions.

c. focusing on guaranteed solutions.

d. focusing on emotional outcomes.

Q7. A system providing for symbolic reinforcers is called a(n)

a. extinction system.

b. token economy.

c. feedback loop.

d. contingency alternative.

Q8. If you look for the good in what is happening in a stressful situation, you are using which of the following coping strategies?

a. denial

b. planning

c. restraint coping

d. positive reinterpretation

Q9. With the self-presentation strategy of ____, people try to present themselves as weak and dependent in order to get favors from others.

a. ingratiation

b. self-promotion

c. intimidation

d. supplication

Q10. People engage in counterproductive strategies because

a. they are intent on self-defeat.

b. they believe they will eventually be successful.

c. they are masochistic.

d. they are experiencing only minimal emotional arousal.

Q11. As actual-ideal discrepancies outnumber actual-ideal congruencies, cheerfulness decreases and

a. sadness increases.

b. sadness decreases.

c. anxiety increases.

d. anxiety decreases.

Q12. Which of the following researchers proposed social comparison theory?

a. Albert Bandura

b. E. Tory Higgins

c. Leon Festinger

d. Martin Seligman

Q13. Doing favors for others in order to get them to like you is a form of

a. ingratiation.

b. self-monitoring.

c. self-handicapping.

d. basking in reflected glory.

Q14. Which of the following theorists was the first to suggest that people tend to attribute behavior to either internal or external causes?

a. Fritz Heider

b. Albert Bandura

c. Erik Erikson

d. Sigmund Freud

Q15. Which of the following researchers proposed social comparison theory?

a. Albert Bandura

b. E. Tory Higgins

c. Leon Festinger

d. Martin Seligman

Q16. Presenting yourself in a way that you think will cause others to respect you is most consistent with which of the following self-presentation strategies?

a. ingratiation

b. self-promotion

c. intimidation

d. exemplification

Q17. If Harold intends to use the reciprocity norm to influence Ramon, a potential customer, to buy his product, Harold might

a. offer Ramon a great bargain, revealing hidden costs later.

b. take Ramon to dinner at a nice restaurant.

c. try to convince Ramon of the scarcity of his product.

d. try to stimulate a reactance response in Ramon.

Q18. Internal attributions ascribe causes of behavior to

a. situational factors.

b. interpersonal factors.

c. environmental factors.

d. personal dispositions.

Q19. A one-sided argument is most likely to be effective when the audience is

a. mostly college students.

b. just returning from lunch.

c. uneducated about the issue.

d. very curious about the message.

Q20. Mike served in the Army for four years and now is especially prone to follow direct orders from authority figures. Mike shows a high degree of

a. dependency.

b. obedience.

c. conformity.

d. prejudice.

Q21. Explaining the behavior of outgroup members on the basis of the characteristic that sets them apart is known as the

a. fundamental attribution error.

b. self-fulfilling prophecy.

c. outgroup homogeneity effect.

d. outgroup heterogeneity effect.

Q22. The perception of threats is more likely to cause hostility between groups than are actual threats to an ingroup.

a. true

b. false

Q23. Informational influence was at work when Susan looked to her classmates to decide how to behave when the alarm sounded.

a. true

b. false

Q24. Research supports the theory that a shift from ____ to ____ can reduce stereotyping and prejudice.

a. automatic processing; controlled processing

b. 'old-fashioned' discrimination; symbolic racism

c. cooperative interdependence; intergroup competition

d. defensive attribution; diffusion of responsibility

Q25. The local animal shelter sends you cute return address labels with cuddly kittens on them. They are hoping that you will send a donation based on the effects of

a. compliance.

b. the lowball technique.

c. the reciprocity norm.

d. the foot in the door technique.

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