Chapter 1-Diet Analysis Case - Nutrient Density

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Diet Analysis Case: Nutrient Density

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 Zander Bell

7 years old, Male, 4'2", 55 lbs

Weight Loss/Gain: Maintain

Activity Level: Active

 Lindsay Bell is the mother of Zander, a 7-year-old boy who is in elementary school. Lindsay was talking with her good friend, Mariah, about nutrient-dense snacks she could give Zander when he comes home after school. Soda is one of Zander’s favorite beverages, but Lindsay is concerned about the nutritional quality of several beverage choices. Mariah suggested she switch to non-fat milk as a healthier alternative to the soda. Follow the instructions below to evaluate the nutritional quality of each beverage.

 For this assignment, you will use the NutritionCalc Plus (NCP) dietary analysis program to create a profile for Zander Bell, enter some dietary data, and generate one analysis report. Then, you will answer 10 multiple choice questions based on the report.

 STEP 1: Log in to NutritionCalc Plus and click on the Profiles tab. Using the Choose Profile drop-down menu, select New Profile. Create a new profile for Zander Bell using the information provided above. Set his birthdate to 7 years before today’s date. Use the format MM/DD/YYYY.

 Click here to access NutritionCalc Plus

 STEP 2: Go to the Intakes tab. On today's date, search for, select, and add the following food items:

 Snack

(USDA) milk, nonfat, with vitamins A & D – 8 fluid ounces

(USDA) milk, nonfat, chocolate, with vitamin A & D – 8 fluid ounces

(USDA) soda, cola – 8 fluid ounces

 STEP 3: Go to the Reports tab to generate a PDF of the report listed below. To generate a report, select the name of the report, check the box next to the appropriate date, check the boxes for all meals and snacks, choose PDF for the report format, and click View Report. Depending on your device’s settings, the report may open automatically, or you may need to locate and click to download the files.

 Spreadsheet Report

 STEP 4: Use the Spreadsheet Report to answer the following 10 multiple choice questions. Your instructor may ask you to submit your report so be sure it is saved and labeled.

 ABBREVIATIONS:

DRI = Dietary Reference Intake

g = grams

kcal = kilocalories

lbs = pounds

mcg = micrograms

mg = milligrams

RAE = retinol activity equivalents

RDA = Recommended Dietary Allowance

USDA = United States Department of Agriculture

Comparing Calories

All three beverage options supply calories. In the Spreadsheet Report, find the column for Calories (Cals). Which beverage provides the most calories per serving?

Multiple Choice

•             SodaIncorrect

•             Milk

•             Chocolate milk

•             All three beverages provide the same amount of calories.

 

Multiple Servings of Soda

The amount of soda was entered as 8 fluid ounces. However, this is not reflective of a typical serving size of most sugar-sweetened beverages. Most sodas are now sold in bottles that contain 20 fluid ounces, and many are even larger. On the Spreadsheet Report, find the column for Calories (Cals). If Zander were to drink 20 fluid ounces of soda, how many calories would he consume from soda?

Multiple Choice

•             91 kcal

•             208 kcal

•             258 kcal

•             36 kcal

Source of Calories in Soda

The carbohydrate, protein, fat, and alcohol in the foods and beverages we consume provide energy (i.e., calories). On the Spreadsheet Report, examine the columns for protein (Prot), carbohydrates (Carbs), fat (Fat), and alcohol (Alc). Which nutrient supplies most of the calories in the soda?

Multiple Choice

•             Most of the calories in the soda come from alcohol.

•             Most of the calories in the soda come from sugar, which is a type of carbohydrate.

•            

Most of the calories in the soda come from omega-3 fatty acids, which are fats.

•             Most of the calories in the soda come from amino acids, which make up protein.

Comparing Phosphorus Content

Although there are almost no vitamins or minerals in soda, there is a small amount of phosphorus in cola-type sodas. Phosphorus is a mineral that plays a role in bone health. The amount of phosphorus in cola-type sodas is very small, however, compared to daily phosphorus needs. On the Spreadsheet Report, find the phosphorus (Phos) column. How does the amount of phosphorus in the plain milk compare to that of the soda?

 How to Calculate Nutrient Comparisons

Multiple Choice

•             The milk and the soda contain the same amount of phosphorus.

•             The milk does not contain phosphorus.

•             The soda contains approximately 11 times more phosphorus than the milk.

•             The milk contains approximately 11 times more phosphorus than the soda.

Comparing Calcium Density of Beverages

Nutrient density is a ratio derived by dividing a food’s nutrient content by its calorie content for a serving of the food. A larger ratio indicates higher nutrient density. On the Spreadsheet Report, locate the Calories (Cals) and calcium (Calc) columns and calculate the calcium density (i.e., nutrient density for calcium) for plain milk, chocolate milk, and soda. Which beverage has the highest calcium density?

 How to Calculate Nutrient Density

Multiple Choice

•             Plain milk

•             Chocolate milk

•             Soda

•             All three beverages have the same calcium density.

Protein in Milk

For people who can tolerate milk, one of the benefits of drinking milk is that it provides protein. The RDA for protein for a 7-year-old male is 0.95 grams of protein per kilogram of body weight per day. Thus, Zander's protein needs are 23.7 grams/day. On the Spreadsheet Report, find the protein (Prot) column. What percent of Zander’s RDA for protein does one serving of plain milk provide?

 How to Calculate Percentages

Multiple Choice

•             71%

•             286%

•             3.5%

•             35%

ortification of Milk

According to the Dietary Guidelines for Americans, vitamin D is a nutrient of public health concern for the general U.S. population. The RDA for vitamin D for children and adults through age 70 is 15 micrograms per day, but most Americans fall short of meeting the RDA for vitamin D. As a public health effort to reduce the risk for vitamin D deficiency, most milk in the United States is fortified with vitamin D. Fortification is the process of adding nutrients or nonnutrient bioactive components to edible products. On the Spreadsheet Report, find the column for vitamin D (D). One serving of plain milk provides approximately ______ of Zander’s RDA for vitamin D.

 Multiple Choice

•             20%

•             2% 

•             50%

•             100%

Caffeine in Soda

Sugar-sweetened cola-type sodas provide very few essential nutrients, but they are a source of caffeine. You can sometimes find the amount of caffeine in a soda written in very small type on the container. On the Spreadsheet Report, see the caffeine (Caff) column. Approximately how much caffeine is in one serving of soda?

Multiple Choice

•             2 milligrams

•             20 milligrams

•             200 milligrams

•             There is no caffeine in the soda.

Comparing Micronutrients in Chocolate Milk and Plain Milk

Lindsay tried taking her friend's advice and offering Zander plain nonfat milk instead of soda, but Zander refused to drink the plain milk. Lindsay wants to make sure Zander gets plenty of the nutrients milk provides and wonders if chocolate milk can provide similar amounts of nutrients. On the Spreadsheet Report, examine the columns for protein (Prot), calcium (Calc), vitamin A (A-RAE), and vitamin D (D). Chocolate milk is significantly higher in ______ than plain milk.

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Multiple Choice

•             Chocolate milk supplies about 25% more protein, calcium, vitamin A, and vitamin D than plain milk.

•             Chocolate milk supplies about 25% less protein, calcium, vitamin A, and vitamin D than plain milk.

•             Chocolate milk supplies about 50% less protein, calcium, vitamin A, and vitamin D than plain milk.

•             Chocolate milk supplies about the same amounts of protein, calcium, vitamin A, and vitamin D as plain milk

 

Comparing Macronutrients in Chocolate Milk and Plain Milk

Chocolate milk supplies many of the same micronutrients as plain milk, but there are some drawbacks of choosing chocolate milk instead of plain milk. On the Spreadsheet Report, examine the columns for sugars (Sugr), fat (Fat), saturated fat (Fat-S), and cholesterol (Chol). Chocolate milk is significantly higher in ______ than plain milk.

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Multiple Choice

•             total fat

•             sugars

•             saturated fat

•             cholesterol